Konjunktionaladverbien
Konjunktionaladverbien are useful tools in the German language. Here are some important points to note:
- Konjunktionaladverbien connect sentences or parts of sentences together.
- They indicate how the connected parts of the sentence relate to each other.
- They can show different types of relationships, for example, time, reason, or condition.
- They can be in different positions in the sentence: at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end.
- Often, they are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.
Here are some commonly used Konjunktionaladverbien, grouped by the type of relationship they indicate, along with examples of their use:
| Meaning | Konjunktionaladverbien | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Time | dann (then), danach (afterwards), zuletzt (lastly), zuvor (previously) | "Ich habe meine Hausaufgaben gemacht, danach habe ich Fernsehen geschaut." (I did my homework, after that I watched TV.) |
| Reason | deswegen (therefore), daher (hence), deshalb (that's why), darum (for that reason), aus diesem Grund (for this reason) | "Es hat geregnet, daher sind wir zu Hause geblieben." (It rained, therefore we stayed at home.) |
| Condition | sonst (else), andernfalls (otherwise) | "Du musst deine Hausaufgaben machen, sonst kannst du nicht mit uns spielen." (You have to do your homework, otherwise you can't play with us.) |
| Contrast | dennoch (nevertheless), jedoch (however), trotzdem (despite that) | "Ich bin sehr müde, trotzdem werde ich das Buch zu Ende lesen." (I'm very tired, still I will read the book to the end.) |
| Concession | immerhin (after all), zumindest (at least) | "Es ist kalt, zumindest nach meiner Meinung." (It's cold, at least in my opinion.) |
| Comparison | ebenso (likewise), gleichfalls (equally) | "Sie spielt Klavier, ebenso ihr Bruder." (She plays the piano, likewise her brother.) |
| Consequence | also (so), folglich (consequently), demzufolge (as a result) | "Er hat nicht für die Prüfung gelernt, folglich hat er sie nicht bestanden." (He didn't study for the exam, consequently he failed it.) |
Konjunktionaladverbien vs. Konjunktionen
Having examined the different types of Konjunktionaladverbien and their usage, it's helpful to understand the difference between Konjunktionaladverbien and Konjunktionen. Although both types of words serve to connect parts of a sentence, there is a significant difference:
- Konjunktionen connect words, phrases, or main clauses together. They can be coordinating (e.g., "und", "oder", "aber") or subordinating (e.g., "weil", "dass", "obwohl"). They do not affect the sentence structure and do not require commas for demarcation.
- Konjunktionaladverbien, on the other hand, primarily connect main clauses together and establish a connection or relationship between these sentences. They often stand at the beginning of the sentence, but can also be in the middle or at the end. They are often separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.
Here are two examples to illustrate the difference:
- Konjunktion: "Er mag Äpfel und Orangen." (He likes apples and oranges. Connects two words without changing the structure of the sentence.)
- Konjunktionaladverb: "Er hatte Hunger, deshalb aß er einen Apfel." (He was hungry, therefore he ate an apple. Connects two sentences and indicates a cause-effect relationship.)